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Glucose indicates the blood sugar level

Glucose is one of the most common sugars. Blood glucose is also referred to as blood sugar. The blood sugar level can be analysed after fasting or without fasting. The blood sugar level is excessively high, for example, in the case of diabetes.

Blood sugar

A healthy person’s glucose, or blood sugar, remains very stable thanks to the body’s accurate regulatory mechanism.
Stable blood sugar keeps the mind fresh and supports coping. Regular eating and a healthy lifestyle help keep blood sugar steady.
Abnormally high blood sugar is usually caused by diabetes.
Excessively high or low blood sugar is harmful to health.

Table of contents

What does glucose mean?

Glucose is one of the most common sugars. Blood glucose is also referred to as blood sugar. A glucose test is carried out to measure the blood sugar level.

The glucose level can be high, for example, due to diabetes, which is a metabolic disease.

Glucose is obtained from food and the body is also able to produce it. The body uses glucose as a source of energy.

When glucose enters the bloodstream, the purpose of the insulin hormone is to regulate the concentration of glucose in the blood. If the pancreas is not able to produce enough insulin or if the tissues do not react normally to the effects of insulin (insulin resistance), blood sugar rises. High blood sugar is called hyperglycaemia.

In a healthy person, insulin allows glucose to reach the muscles, adipose tissue and liver cells so that these organs can utilise it. The brain’s nerve cells also need glucose to function.

If the blood sugar level drops too low, the body will no longer be able to function properly. This condition is called hypoglycaemia. Since the brain is powered by glucose, low blood sugar levels also lead to a decreased level of consciousness. A healthy body produces glucagon, which is an insulin antagonist. Glucagon releases glucose into the bloodstream if there is a threat of low blood sugar.

The body stores excess glucose that it does not need immediately.

The liver is also able to produce glucose independently from amino acids, fat and residues.

What are the reference values for glucose?

The reference value for glucose (fasting sample) is 4,2–6 mmol/l.

Reference levels may vary depending on the laboratory and the test analysis method.

What does an abnormal glucose level indicate?

Abnormal glucose levels may suggest a variety of conditions in addition to diabetes.

What causes high blood sugar?

Diabetes
High levels of cortisol, adrenaline, growth hormone or glucagon can increase blood sugar.
Blood sugar can rise temporarily, for example, in connection with an infection, surgery, acute pancreatitis, liver damage or increased intracranial pressure.

What causes low blood sugar?

Insulinoma, a very rare tumour in the pancreas that produces too much insulin.
An excessive dose of insulin in the treatment of diabetes
Alcohol poisoning
Pituitary and adrenal insufficiency
Severe infection

For what purpose are blood sugar tests carried out?

Blood glucose, or blood sugar, is examined either because of an abnormal condition or to diagnose diabetes.

It is advisable to have your blood sugar levels tested if you have any risk factors for diabetes, such as obesity, heart disease, family history of diabetes or if you have had gestational diabetes.

A single glucose test result only indicates the blood glucose level at the time of the test. Even a slightly elevated value predicts the risk of developing diabetes.

A single normal value does not exclude the possibility of diabetes.

How can I maintain a stable blood sugar level?

The body of a healthy person regulates the blood sugar level so carefully that eating sugar alone does not raise blood sugar to abnormal levels.
In order to maintain a stable blood sugar level, a frequent diet should be maintained and attention must be paid to the quality of carbohydrates (especially fibre content). In general, it is recommended to eat several small meals throughout the day.
Common mistakes related to eating include skipping breakfast or lunch. A person goes several hours without eating at night and lunch comes too late after a night’s sleep.
Skipping lunch, on the other hand, increases the risk of eating too much or unhealthy food at dinner.

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Glucose is an indicator of the blood sugar level. Blood sugar affects general well-being and energy levels, muscle and brain function and the feeling of hunger.

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