Homocysteine is an amino acid that is measured when there is a suspicion of a deficiency in vitamin B12, B6, and vitamin B9 (folate).
Homocysteine is an amino acid
Homocysteine is an amino acid formed during the body’s metabolism. Its level is often measured when there is suspicion of deficiency in vitamin B12, B6, and B9 (folate). In case of deficiency, the homocysteine level is elevated.
Brief about homocysteine
- Homocysteine is an amino acid. Amino acids are building blocks of proteins.
- Plasma homocysteine is measured in cases of suspected deficiency in vitamin B12, B6, and folate (B9)
What is homocysteine?
Homocysteine is an amino acid formed during the body’s metabolism. With the help of folate, vitamin B12, and B6, homocysteine is converted into cysteine or methionine, which are amino acids. If this conversion does not occur properly, homocysteine levels may become elevated.
Plasma homocysteine (P-Homocysteine) is an analysis used in diagnosing deficiencies in vitamin B12, B6, and folate.
Previously, it was believed that the level of homocysteine in the body could be used to assess the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, there is not enough evidence to prove this.
What are the reference values for homocysteine?
Children under 15 years: < 10 µmol/L
Adults 15-65 years: < 15 µmol/L
Elderly individuals over 65 years: < 20 µmol/L
Pregnant women: < 10 µmol/L
Reference values may vary depending on where the analysis is performed and which analysis method is used.
What does a high value mean?
A high homocysteine level may be due to:
- Deficiency in vitamin B12, B6, and/or folate
- Reduced kidney function
- Malnutrition
- Smoking
- Advanced age, as homocysteine levels increase with age
- Coffee and alcohol can increase homocysteine levels
- Several medications can cause elevated levels, such as diabetes medications and epilepsy medications
- Homocystinuria, which is a congenital, hereditary metabolic disorder.
Symptoms of elevated levels:
Elevated levels due to B12 deficiency:
- Fatigue
- Poor memory
- Poor balance
- Dizziness
Elevated levels due to folate deficiency:
- Fatigue
- Easy irritability (neurasthenic)
FAQ
It is advisable to take vitamin D in the morning or during the day as it can enhance alertness and disrupt sleep if taken in the evening. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, so taking it with a meal that contains calcium can enhance its effect. Especially during the winter months, when there is less sunlight, it is important to ensure adequate intake of vitamin D to maintain sufficient levels in the body.
The rise in vitamin D levels in the blood depends on several factors, such as dosage, individual metabolism, and sunlight exposure. Typically, a significant increase in blood vitamin D levels can be observed after a few weeks of regular use of vitamin D supplement.
The recommended daily intake of folate for adults is 400 micrograms. Pregnant women are recommended to take 600 micrograms per day due to the importance of folate in the development of the fetal neural tube.
During a cold, the need for vitamin C may increase as it is important for supporting the immune system. Studies have shown that high doses of vitamin C (for example, 1-2 grams per day) can alleviate cold symptoms and shorten its duration. However, it is important to follow recommendations and consult with a doctor before taking large doses, especially if other medications are being used or if there is a special health condition.
The recommended daily intake of vitamin A for an adult is about 700-900 micrograms. This amount is sufficient to support normal vision, immune system function, and skin health. Vitamin A intake can vary depending on age, gender, and health status.
The effects of B12 vitamin can be felt within a few days, but the full benefits and effects may only appear after several weeks or months of regular use. If it is a severe deficiency, alleviating symptoms can take longer. Correcting a B12 vitamin deficiency may require long-term or even lifelong treatment, especially in cases of absorption disorders.
The recommended daily intake for adults is 2.4 micrograms, but the need can vary depending on age, diet, and health condition. For example, pregnant and breastfeeding women as well as older individuals may require larger amounts. Vegans and certain chronic diseases, such as atrophic gastritis and Crohn’s disease, can increase the need for B12 vitamin supplements.
The production of vitamin D in the skin begins when UVB rays from the sun hit the skin. This initiates a chemical reaction that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin into vitamin D. This process depends on the intensity of sunlight, skin pigmentation, and a decreasing ability to produce vitamin D with age.
It is best to take vitamin C with a meal as its absorption is more effective when consumed with food. Vitamin C also aids in the absorption of iron, so taking it with iron-rich foods can be beneficial. Some find that vitamin C is energizing. In such cases, it is best to take the vitamin in the morning or during the day.
The effects of vitamin D can begin to appear within a few days, but the full health benefits and effects on the skeleton are usually only achieved after several weeks or months of regular use. Short-term effects may appear more quickly, such as improved mood and increased energy levels.
The recommended daily dose of vitamin D for adults varies depending on age, skin color, residential area, and season. Generally, the recommendation is 10 micrograms per day for young people and adults, and 20 micrograms per day for those over 75. For pregnant and breastfeeding women, the recommendation is 10 micrograms per day.
It is best to take B12 vitamin in the morning as it can positively affect alertness and energy levels. B12 vitamin is water-soluble, so it can be taken with or without food. Some experts recommend taking the vitamin with a meal to ensure the best absorption, especially in older individuals who may have a reduced ability to absorb B12 vitamin.
The recommended daily intake of vitamin C for an adult is 75-90 milligrams. This amount can vary depending on age, gender, and health status. For example, the recommendation is higher for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Vitamin C is water-soluble, so any excess is excreted from the body through urine, making overdose unlikely in healthy adults.
Vitamin B12 – Sources, recommended intake, symptoms of deficiency, and reference values
Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, enables the formation of hereditary factors, boosts metabolism, and ensures the health of the central nervous system.
Folate (vitamin B9) is especially important for pregnant women
Lack of folate can cause, among other things, nervous system symptoms, growth retardation and megaloblastic anemia.
Ferritin, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia: Symptoms, measurement, and treatment
Ferritin indicates the amount of iron stored in the body. Low ferritin level is a sign of low iron stores.
Hemoglobin (Hb) – Measurement and reference values
When suspecting anemia, it is important to test the hemoglobin. Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include paleness and fatigue.
Iron affects your coping, well-being and mood
Iron is essential for the body. It affects many bodily functions. One of its main tasks is to transport oxygen to important organs such as the heart and muscles.
Article updated:
23 October 2024